Step by step
- Check the header, footer, and copyright notice to confirm there is no publication year.
- Choose the source type in the generator: Website, Book, Journal article, or YouTube video.
- Fill in the authors (one per line) and the title, leaving the year or date published field blank.
- Copy the reference and the in-text citation, or add it to your list to copy all references at once.
At a glance
| Source type | Reference format | In-text citation |
|---|---|---|
| Website | Author. (n.d.). Title of page. Site Name. URL | (Author, n.d.) |
| Book | Author, A. A. (n.d.). Title of book. Publisher. | (Author, n.d.) |
| No author and no date | Title of page. (n.d.). Site Name. URL | ("Short Title," n.d.) |
| Updated page (like a wiki) | Author. (n.d.). Title. Site Name. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL | (Author, n.d.) |
Related questions
What does (n.d.) mean in APA?
It stands for no date. You use it whenever a source does not list a year of publication.
Should I use the copyright year if there is no publication date?
No, unless it is a book or a page where the copyright year clearly reflects when the content was published. General website footer copyright years update automatically and should not be used as the publication date.
How do I cite a website with no date and no author in APA?
Start the reference with the page title, followed by (n.d.), the site name, and the URL. In the text, use the first few words of the title in quotation marks and n.d., such as ("Page Title," n.d.).
Do I need a retrieval date for a source with no date?
Only include a retrieval date if the page content is designed to change over time and is not archived, such as a live wiki or social media profile.
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Updated November 14, 2026.